5,301 research outputs found
Convergence and Divergence in United States and Canadian Cuba Policy Post-1959: A Triangular Comparative Analysis
The main objective of this article is to explore the convergence and divergence
in both of these North American nations' Cuba policy. The last 49 years have been
full of important and dramatic economic, political, military, and socio-cultural
events worldwide that have had an impact on this triangular relationship. Therefore,
even the smallest attempt at covering all aspects over such a long period would be
worthy of a much lengthier piece of writing. However, an overview of the post-1959
period reveals a remarkable continuity in American Cuba policy. The main objective
of successive United States governments, both Republican and Democrat, has been
regime change by using a full arsenal of overt and covert means, while Canadian
policy has diverged mostly in terms of the means to promote the desired changes that
would bring Cuba back to the pattern of Western socio-economic capitalist formation.
This article is mainly the result of a study of the initial years of the Cuban
revolution, from 1959 to 1962, that were full of defining and transformational
events. These events set the tone for the years to come against the backdrop of the
prevailing order of international relations resulting from the Second World War and
the Cold War.Le principal objectif de cet article consiste Ă examiner la convergence et la
divergence de la politique de ces deux pays dâAmĂ©rique du Nord envers Cuba. Au cours
des 49 derniĂšres annĂ©es, il y a eu une foule dâĂ©vĂ©nements importants et
spectaculaires sur les plans Ă©conomique, politique, militaire et socio-culturel dans
le monde qui ont eu une incidence sur cette relation triangulaire. Par conséquent,
il vaudrait la peine de consacrer un texte beaucoup plus long mĂȘme Ă la plus petite
tentative dâexamen de tous les aspects dâune pĂ©riode aussi longue. Cependant, un
survol de la période postérieure à 1959 révÚle une continuité remarquable dans la
politique amĂ©ricaine Ă lâĂ©gard de Cuba. Le principal objectif des gouvernements
américains qui se sont succédés, tant républicains que démocrates, a été de changer
le régime en utilisant un arsenal complet de moyens secrets et déclarés tandis que
la politique canadienne a divergé surtout du point de vue des moyens utilisés pour
promouvoir les changements souhaités qui ramÚneraient Cuba au sein des pays
capitalistes occidentaux. Cet article rĂ©sulte surtout dâune Ă©tude des premiĂšres
annĂ©es de la rĂ©volution cubaine, de 1959 Ă 1962, au cours desquelles il sâest
produit un grand nombre dâĂ©vĂ©nements qui ont façonnĂ© et transformĂ© la sociĂ©tĂ©
cubaine. Ces événements ont donné le ton pour les années à venir dans le contexte de
lâordre des relations internationales qui a prĂ©valu par suite de la DeuxiĂšme guerre
mondiale et de la guerre froide
Observaciones sobre la poesĂa de Quevedo desde el soneto âMirĂ© los muros de la patria mĂaâ
Se estudia la influencia de la poesĂa del siglo XV, con poetas como Rodrigo de Cota y Guevara, en la poesĂa de Francisco de Quevedo, a travĂ©s del anĂĄlisis del soneto: âMirĂ© los muros de la patria mĂaâ, en sus dos versiones de 1613 y 1648. En Ă©l se evidencia el uso de recursos propios de la poesĂa cancioneril y se analizan coincidencias lĂ©xicas y simbĂłlicas.The influence of the fifteenth century poetry, with poets like Rodrigo de Cota and Guevara, in Quevedo's poetry is analyzed. It's realized through the analysis of the sonnet: "MirĂ© Los muros de la patria mĂa" in its both versions of 1613 and 1648. It demonstrates the use of resources of cancioneril poetry and lexical and symbolic matches
Political institutions and tax rate initiatives.
In a model of a representative democracy, we incorporate into the analysis of tax design the constitutional provision that allows voters to propose tax initiatives. In this paper, we present a theory of tax substitution as the rationale for a tax rate limit (TRL) initiative. In our model the tax system at the status quo is determined by the electoral competition between parties. This political institution aggregates the votersâ preferences for tax policy according to the votersâ marginal proportion of the expected vote that different coalition of voters can deliver in the election. The approval of a TRL, however, depends on the majority rule, and it aggregates the preferences of the median voter of tax initiatives. Thus, a TRL is the result of two political institutions with different mechanisms to aggregate the preferences of voters. Moreover, our paper distinguishes the role of perfect and imperfect information on the distribution of votersÂŽ preferences for tax systems in approving a tax initiative. In this paper we identify conditions on the distribution of preferences and income of the electorate and the median voter that guarantee the approval (rejection) of tax initiatives.Taxation, Tax Limitations, Redistributive Effects, Structure and Scope of Government
Evolution of the spherical cavity radius generated around a subsurface emitter
The emitter discharge in subsurface drip irrigation can be aïŹected by soil properties. A positive pressure develops at the emitter outlet where a spherical cavity is assumed to form. In steady-state conditions, the pressure in the soil relates to soil hydraulic 5 properties, the emitter discharge, and the cavity radius. This pressure in the soil is very sensitive to the cavity radius. In this paper, the development of the cavity around the emitter outlet was measured for various emitter discharges in laboratory tests carried out in containers with uniform loamy soils. A trend between soil pressure and emitter discharge was established that illustrates the performance of buried emitters in the 10 ïŹeld. Its application to the prediction of water distribution in subsurface drip irrigation units and its eïŹect on the estimation of irrigation performance is also show
Water distribution in laterals and units of subsurface drip irrigation. II: Field evaluation.
The performance of drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) laterals has been compared. Two emitter models (one compensating and the other noncompensating) were assessed. Field tests were carried out with a pair of laterals working at the same inlet pressure. A procedure was developed that recorded head pressures at both lateral extremes and inlet flow during irrigation. Both models showed similar behavior and soil properties affected their discharge. On the other hand, the performance of a field SDI unit of compensating emitters was characterized by measuring pressures at different points and inlet flow. Finally, the distribution of water and soil pressure in the laterals and the unit were predicted and irrigation uniformity and soil pressure variability were also determined. Predictions agreed reasonably well with the experimental observations. Thus, the methodology proposed could be used to support the decision making for the design and management of SDI system
Fundamentos y relevancia de la delimitaciĂłn de destinos turĂsticos locales
There is an extensive literature on delimiting functional areas for management purposes in the social sciences. Nevertheless, in the field of tourism research there is no established set of criteria for delimiting tourism destinations. However, destinations are considered a main object of analysis and decision-taking
for tourism management. This paper discusses the most relevant literature on delimiting functional zones and proposes a methodology for an application in the field of tourism. The research is illustrated with the results on zonification and production of statistical information already obtained by the Canary Islands System of Statistics. The results highlight the relevance of zoning in tourism with the support of the foundations and criteria for delimiting functional areas in the social sciences. Subjectivity is considered to play a crucial role among criteria for delimitation both in tourism and in social sciences in general.Existe una abundante literatura acadĂ©mica acerca de la delimitaciĂłn de ĂĄreas funcionales con fines de gestiĂłn en el ĂĄmbito de las ciencias sociales. Sin embargo, en el ĂĄmbito de la investigaciĂłn turĂstica no existen criterios claros para la delimitaciĂłn de los destinos turĂsticos. Esto a pesar de que los destinos son considerados un concepto clave como objeto de anĂĄlisis y para la toma de decisiones en el campo del turismo. Esta investigaciĂłn se ilustra con los resultados ya alcanzados en la zonificaciĂłn y producciĂłn de informaciĂłn estadĂstica por el Sistema de EstadĂsticas TurĂsticas de Canarias. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la relevancia de la zonificaciĂłn en el turismo apoyada en los fundamentos y los criterios de la
delimitaciĂłn de ĂĄreas funcionales en las ciencias sociales. Los aspectos subjetivos juegan un papel fundamental entre los criterios de delimitaciĂłn tanto en el turismo como en las ciencias sociales en general
Genome scale metabolic modeling reveals the metabolic potential of three Type II methanotrophs of the genus Methylocystis
ProducciĂłn CientĂficaGenome Scale Metabolic Models (GSMMs) of the recently sequenced Methylocystis hirsuta and two other methanotrophs from the genus Methylocystis have been reconstructed. These organisms are Type II methanotrophs with the ability of accumulating Polyhydroxyalkanoates under nutrient limiting conditions. For the first time, GSMMs have been reconstructed for Type II methanotrophs. These models, combined with experimental biomass and PHB yields of Methylocystis hirsuta, allowed elucidating the methane oxidation mechanism by the enzyme pMMO (particulate methane monooxygenase) in these organisms. In contrast to Type I methanotrophs, which use the âdirect coupling mechanismâ, Type II methanotrophs appear to use the so called âredox arm mechanismâ. The utilization of the âredox arm mechanismâ, which involves the coupling between methane oxidation and complex I of the respiratory chain, was confirmed by inhibition of complex I with catechol. Utilization of the âredox armâ mechanism leads to lower biomass yields on methane compared to Type I methanotrophs. However, the ability of Type II methanotrophs to redirect high metabolic carbon fluxes towards acetoacetyl-CoA under nitrogen limiting conditions makes these organisms promising platforms for metabolic engineering.Marie Curie grant H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 CH4BioVal (GA nÂș 750126).Junta de Castilla y LeĂłn (Ref. Project VA281P18)Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn (Proyect CLU 2017-09, CTM2015-70442-R
MetĂĄforas con futuro Los nuevos medios y la imaginaciĂłn metafĂłrica
Este artĂculo pretende repasar la historia de las metĂĄforas que han servidopara explicar los medios de comunicaciĂłn, desde los medios difusivos,generalistas pero asimĂ©tricos, a los medios electrĂłnicos, mucho mĂĄsinteractivos y cooperativos. Partimos del convencimiento de que lasmetĂĄforas de los medios nos dicen mucho mĂĄs de la percepciĂłn que deellos se tiene, del sentimiento de fortaleza o de debilidad, de oportunidado de amenaza que representan, de lo que pueda hacerlo un manual quedescribe con pretensiĂłn de objetividad cientĂfica. MĂĄs bien sucede que eldesarrollo tecnolĂłgico, la sofisticaciĂłn de los instrumentos y lamultimedialidad de los nuevos medios no desplazan la pulsiĂłn metafĂłrica,sino que la exacerban y la convierten en el Ășnico modo de entenderlo
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